SMART Hospital Architecture approaches the hospital as a social construct in which patients and professionals meet and interact, but also as an infrastructure in which processes have to be efficient and effective. The hospital’s architectural quality delivers the place that should support both people and processes.
While implementing the architecture of an intelligent hospital in view of Internet of Things (IOT) with a specific end goal to beat the detriments of the present clinic data framework, for example, the settled data point, firm systems administration mode et cetera. The key advances and development of smart hospital is displayed in view of comprehension of the meaning and architecture of brilliant doctor’s facility. Moreover, taking a third level A clinic for instance, a plan of brilliant doctor’s facility is given, and its rationale structure, application system, the development of essential system condition and so forth are depicted in detail.
An Architecture for smart Hospitals based in IoT
In the propelling procedure of hospital informatization, the prevalence and incomplete utilizing of HIS (hospital data framework) has made the hospital accomplish certain level of informatization. Nevertheless, it also has some deficiencies, such as manual input of medical information, fixed information point, fixed networking mode, single function, relatively independent between each department and so on, which seriously restrict the construction of hospital informatization.
Solve the problem
For solving the problems mentioned above, rapid rise of internet of things has provided a new idea. Internet of things (IOT), the fourth time industry technological revolution of world information, following technological revolution of computer, internet and mobile communication network, is a network connecting any items with internet to implement information exchange and communication, furthermore to implement intelligent recognition, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management, by means of radio frequency identification (RFID), infrared sensors, GPS, laser scanners and other information sensing equipment, according to conventional protocol. Smart hospital, based on technology three framework architectures of IOT and constructed with the vector of various application service systems, is a new kind of hospital integrated the function of diagnosis, treatment, management and decision. The features of IOT, such as comprehensive perception, reliable transmission, intelligent processing and so on provides technique support platform for the construction and implementation of smart hospital.
2. KEY TECHNOLOGIES OF IOT
IOT will gradually become the main body of the next generation of information network, and it is the internet based on the integration of multiple technologies integrated application, the following describes what the IOT some of the key technologies involved in.
2.1 Internet Technology
Internet is basic precondition of IOT in order to communicate with any person and object at any time and place.
2.2 RFID Technology
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects. The tags contain electronically-stored information. Passive tags collect energy from a nearby RFID reader’s interrogating radio waves. RFID technology can be classified into three categories; passive RFID, active RFID, and semi passive RFID. All RFID systems contain three basic components. The first is the RFID tag that is connected to a benefit or thing. The tag contains information about that asset or item and also may incorporate sensors. The second component is the RFID interrogator (also called reader), which communicates with (also called interrogating) the RFID tags. The third component is the backend system, which links the RFID interrogators to a centralized database. The centralized database contains additional information, such as price, for each RFID tagged item. Generally speaking, a RFID system is composed of one or more reader (s) and several RFID tags. Communication between RFID tag and reader takes use of electromagnetic induction method, so direct contact is not needed.
2.3 Sensor Network Technology
Technology advances in wireless communications and electronics have enabled the development of low-cost, low-power, multi-functional sensor nodes that are small in size and communicate untethered in short distances. These tiny and generally simple sensor nodes consist of sensing units, data processing, and communicating Components. A large number of such nodes deployed over large areas can collaborate with each other. To be cost-effective, the sensor nodes often operate on very restricted energy reserves. Premature energy depletion can severely limit the network service and needs to be addressed considering the IoT application requirements for cost, deployment, maintenance, and service availability. Open nature deployments and communication protocol developments and experiments show that WSN optimization for reliable operation is time-consuming and costly. It hardly satisfies the IoT applications requirements for long-term, low-cost and reliable service, unless reusable hardware and software platforms are available, including flexible Internet enabled servers to collect and process the field data for IoT applications.
2.4 Wireless Communication Technology
In IOT, it is through wireless communication technology that it automatically transmits the information stored in RFID tag to central information system, so wireless communication technology is core technology in IOT and several common wireless communication technologies mainly include Bluetooth, WIFI (wireless Fidelity), UWB (untrawideband), ZigBee, IrDA (Infrared Data Association) and so on.
2.5 Embedded Technology
In essence, IOT is an embedded system based on internet. Just because more and more intelligent terminal products have the requirements to network, it hasten the production of IOT concept , so IOT is the inevitable outcome of embedded technology development and it cannot do extensive use without embedded technology supporting.
3. SMART HOSPITAL
Smart hospital, based on the technology of IOT and constructed with the vector of various application service systems, is the concentrated reflection of IOT applied in the special place of hospital and it is a new kind of hospital integrated the function of diagnosis, treatment, management and decision. Through the implementation of smart hospital, it can implement the application system based on digital environment and people can fast and accurately obtain the relevant service information, thus it can realize diagnosis informatization, management standardization and scientific decision. At the same time, through the integration and fusion of application service, it can realize information acquisition, sharing and service in hospital, so as to promote the implementation process in smart diagnosis, smart treatment, smart management, smart decision and smart service.
H2: 4. ARCHITECTURE OF SMART HOSPITAL
there are three kinds of architecture in IoT that can be used to have a smart hospital: the architecture based on EPC Global , on the basis of RFID technology, the application architecture based on sensor network , mainly referring to WSN, the application architecture based on M2M (machine-to-machine) , having the most extensive application scope and including partial content of EPC Global and WSN. In the medical field, though there are no literatures to directly mention the architecture of smart hospital, some related architectures have appeared, for example a model of sensing hospital having no boundaries, or a model of digital surround intelligent hospital. Here we talk about smart hospitals which use the third architecture mentioned above, composed of perception layer, network layer and application layer.
For further information on this architecture you may visit this link.
4.1 Perception Layer
Perception layer is divided into two sub layers, which is respectively data collection layer and access layer. Data acquisition layer is to identify hospital networking nodes, perceiving and acquiring related data, such as identity information about doctor and nurse, identity information and medical information about patient, basic information and location information about pharmaceuticals, medical equipment and medical waste, physiological information and location information about inpatient, the environment information around hospital and so on. Access layer is to transmit the data acquired from sub layer and access it to the backbone network, namely global object-conjunction network. There is a variety of access ways, such as by mobile network, by wireless network, by fixed network, by cable TV network and so on, where the access by mobile network will become the main way to access to smart hospital because of its wide coverage, low construction cost, convenience deployment and mobility characteristics.
4.2 Network Layer
Network layer is divided into two sub layers, which is respectively network transmission platform and application platform. Network transmission platform is the backbone of hospital network, having real- time, barrier-free and high- reliable transmission of information perceived by perception layer, using technology of Ethernet, mobile communication, M2M and so on. Application platform is to implement the integration of various data, including description of unified data, unified data warehouse, technology of data middleware, and on this basis to constitute a service platform to provide an open interface for the various services of application layer, so that the third party can develop various applications on this platform for medical staff, patients and other related personnel to use.
4.3 Application Layer
Application layer includes two parts, which is respectively hospital informatization application and management decision and application. Hospital informatization application includes informatization of outpatient management, hospital management, medical technology (inspection, examination, radiology, pathology, physical therapy and so on) management, drug management, equipment and material management, medical management, financial management and so on.
Management decision and application is the senior application, such as disease analysis (onset time, geographical distribution and treatment cost of various diseases), patients analysis (regional distribution, age distribution, proportion of free medical service and visiting time of patients), clinic analysis (outpatients visits , inpatients visits and doctor visits in each time quantum), drug analysis (amount, quantity of consumption and profits of various drugs) , department analysis (cost for diagnosis and treatment of every department in different periods) and so on.
| Link type | Linked word | Link address |
| external | RFID Technology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification |
| external | three kinds of architecture in IoT | https://www.irjet.net/ |
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